Racun Rumpai @ Herbicide

Hari ini aku ingin bercerita tentang racun rumpai. Soalan yang selalu ditanyakan pada aku mengenai racun rumpai,'boleh mati ke?'. Jawapan aku mudah,' nak mati cepat ke, nak mati lambat?'. Sebenarnya racun rumpai ni ada pelbagai jenis bergantung kepada sifat kimianya, ada yang boleh membunuh dengan pantas dan ada yang bertindak membunuh dengan perlahan-lahan.

Sebelum memilih racun rumpai yang sesuai, kita kena kenal pasti dahulu jenis rumpai yang menyemakkan pandangan kita samada di kawasan kediaman, kebun dan dimana-mana yang kita rasakan ia tidak sesuai berada disitu.

Dalam sawah pagi misalnya pelbagai rumpai dapat kita temui. 

Rumpai ni ada pelbagai jenis;

i) Rumput (grasses / sedges)

ii) Tumbuhan berdaun (broadleaf)

ii) Paku-pakis (fern)

Rumput misalnya ada yang berdaun tirus dan lebar seperti rumput kerbau (Paspalum conjugatum), ada juga rumput cantik yang dijadikan perhiasan seperti rumput karpet (turf)  yang ditanam meluas di kawasan padang golf. Sesuatu jenis rumpai itu diklasifikasikan sebagai mahkluk perosak apabila ia memudaratkan alam sekitar dan banyak kerugian berpunca darinya.

Lalang

Sebagai contoh lalang (Imperata cylindrica), apabila ia tumbuh meliar di kawasan pertanian, ia dianggap sebagai mahkluk perosak kerana ia bersaing dengan tanaman untuk mendapatkan nutrien dari tanah. Tetapi jika kita perhatikan di lereng-lereng bukit yang ditarah untuk tujuan pembangunan seperti jalan raya dan sebagainya, lalang ditanam untuk mengelak hakisan tanah dan menghalang dari berlaku kejadian tanah runtuh.

Oleh yang demikian kita kena bijak menilai samada rumpai itu diklasifikasikan sebagai mahkluk perosak atau ia mampu memberi manafaat kepada manusia sebagai sumber makanan, perubatan atau hasil pertanian.

Di sini aku kongsikan beberapa jenis racun rumpai yang digunakan secara meluas di negara kita.


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NO	ACTIVE INGREDIENT	MODE OF ACTION	CROP / AREA	GRASSES / WEEDS
1	2,4-D IBE	Selective systemic herbicide. Salts are readily absorbed by the roots, whilst esters are readily absorbed by the foliage. Translocation occurs, with accumulation principally at the meristemic regions of shoots and roots. Acts as growth inhibitor. Post-emergence herbicide.	Oil palm Non cropped area	Asytasia
2	2,4-D Butyl Ester		Paddy	-Sedges (Cyperus sp.) -Water primrose -Oval-leaved pond weed -Water Hyacinth -Coarse bulrush -Arrowhead-lily
3	2,4-D Dimethylamine		Rubber tree Oil palm Paddy Banana	-Mikania -Asystasia -Buttonweed -Grasshopper’s Cyperus. -Water Hyacinth -Chick weed
4	2,4-D Sodium Salt		Rubber tree Oil Palm	-Mikania
5	Alachlor	Selective systemic herbicide, absorbed principally by germinating shoots, but also by roots, with translocation throughout the plant, and accumulation mainly in vegetative part rather than in reproductive parts. Pre-emergence herbicide	Ground nut	Crows-foot grass (Eleusine indica)
6	Ametryn	Selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by leaves and root, with translocation acropetally in the xylem, and accumulation in the apicalmeristems. Pre- and post-emergence herbicide.	Oil palm Rubber Non-cropped area	Wild ginger
7	Bispyribac sodium	Selective, systemic post emergence herbicide, absorbed by foliage and roots.	Paddy	-Bird’s weed -Oval-leaved pond weed -Sedges (Cyperus sp.)
8	Clethodim	Systemic herbicide, rapidly absorbed and readily translocated from treated foliage to the root system and growing parts of the plant. Post-emergence herbicide.	Okra	Crows-foot grass (Eleusine indica)
9	Cyhalofop-buthyl	Post emergence herbicide with foliar uptake only and no soil activity. A systemic herbicide that  is readily absorbed by plant tissue, moderately phloem-mobile and accumulattes in meristematic regions.	Paddy	-Bird’s rice -Red sprangletop
10	Diuron	Systemic herbicide, absorbed principally by roots, with translocation acropetally in the xylem.	Rubber tree Lime Oil palm Pineapple Sugar cane	-Chick weed -Crows-foot grass -Slender panic grass
11	Fluazifop-butyl	Selective systemic herbicide,. absorbed by leaves. Post-emergence herbicide	Legume cover crop	-Buffalo grass
12	Fluazifop-P-butyl	Quickly absorbed by leaf surface. Post-emergence herbicide	Lime	-Buffalo grass -Crows-foot grass
13	Fluroxypyr-meptyl	Post emergence foliar application.	Oil palm Matured rubber tree Non-cropped area	-Slender panic grass -Buffalo grass -Carpet Grass -Mikania
14	Imazethapyr- ammonium	Systemic, contact and residual herbicide. Absorbed by the foliage and root, with translocation in the xylem and phloem, and accumulation in the meristematic regions.	Legume cover crop (oil palm <2 years)	-Asystasia -Buttonweed -Slender panic grass -Buffalo grass -Carpet grass
15	Glufosinate ammonium	Non selective contact herbicide with some systemic action. Translocation occurs only within leaves, predominantly from the leaf base to the leaf tip.	Oil palm Rubber tree Non-cropped area Banana Guava Star fruit	-Buttonweed -Slender panic grass -Buffalo grass -Lesser Fimbristylis
16	Glyphosate IPA	Glyphosate - Non-selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by foliage with rapidly translocation throughout the plant. Inactivated contact with soil	Rubber tree Non-cropped area Tea Cocoa	-Lalang -Slender panic grass -Buffalo grass -Carpet Grass -Chick weed
17	Glyphosate IPA + 2,4-D IPA	Refer Glyphosate and 2,4-D mode of action	Mature palm oil	-Chick weed -Asystasia -Slender panic grass -Buffalo grass -Carpet Grass
18	Glyphosate IPA + Ammonium sulfat	Refer Glyphosate mode of action.	Mature palm oil	-Chick weed -Asystasia -Buttonweed
19	Glyphosate IPA + Imazapyr IPA	Imizapyr - Systemic, contact and residual herbicide. Absorbed by the foliage and root, with translocation in the xylem and phloem, and accumulation in the meristematic regions.	Rubber tree Oil palm	Buffalo weed Slender panic grass Asystasia Button weed
20	MCPA iso octyl ester	Selective, systemic, hormone type herbicide, absorbed by the leaves and roots, with translocation. Concentrates in the merismatic region, where it inhibits growth.	Paddy	-Sedges (Cyperus sp.) -Water primrose -Oval-leaved pond weed
21	Metolachlor	Selective herbicide, absorbed predominantly by the hypocotyls and shoots. Inhibit germination.	Chili Okra Cucumber Long bean Maize	-Crows-foot grass -Crab grass
20	Metsulfuron-methyl	Selective systemic herbicide absorbed through the roots and foliage and translocated to the apex of the plants.	Non-cropped area Palm oil Rubber tree	-Asystasia -Buttonweed -Slender panic grass -Buffalo grass -Hairy Clidemia -Lesser Fimbristylis -Siam weed
22	Metsulfuron-methyl + Bensulfuron	Bensulfuron- Selective systemic herbicide absorbed through the roots and foliage, wih rapid translocation to merismetic tissues. Pre- and post-emergence herbicide.	Paddy	- -Oval-leaved pond weed -Arrow head-Lily -Sedges (Cyperus sp.) -Lesser Fimbristylis
23	Oxadiazinon	Selective contact herbicide. Pre-emergence herbicide.	Paddy	-Bird’s rice
24	Paraquat dichloride	Non-selective contact herbicide, absorbed by the foliage, with some translocation in xylem.	Oil palm Rubber Coconut Cocoa	-Mikania -Slender panic grass -Yellow cleome -Croton hirtus -Straits Rhododendron
			Paddy	-Lesser Fimbristylis -Hedgehog Cyperus -Water primrose
			Paddy Bund	-Crab grass
			Banana Mustard	-Chick weed -Carpet grass -Yellow cleome
			Pineapple	-Stump
25	Pendimethalin	Selective herbicide, absorbed by roots and leaves.	Chili	-Crows-foot grass -Sedges (Cyperus sp.)
26	Pretilachlor	Selective herbicide.	Paddy	-Bird’s rice -Red sprangletop
27	Propanil	Selective contact herbicide with short duration of activity.	Paddy	-Bird’s rice -Lesser Fimbristylis -Sedges (Cyperus sp.) -Coarse bulrush -Red sprangletop -Creeping panic grass
28	Quinclorac	Rapidly absorbed through the foliage. Pre- and post-emergence herbicide.	Paddy	-Bird’s weed
29	Sodium chlorate	Non-selective herbicide, absorbed through the roots and foliage, with translocation basipetally in the xylem, as the phloem tissue is killed.	Rubber tree Oil palm Open areas	-Asystasia -Slender panic grass -Sword fern -Buffalo grass -Mikania -Drought grass -Wiry Eragrostis -Railway creeper
30	Triclopyr butoxy ethyl ester	Selective systemic herbicicde, rapidly absorbed by the foliage and roots.	Oil palm Rubber tree Non-cropped area	-Mikania -Asystasia -Hairy Clidemia -Straits Rhododendron.