Racun Serangga @ Insecticide

Dalam dunia ni macam-macam serangga yang ada, ada yang mendatangkan manafaat dan ada yang memudaratkan manusia dan alam sekitar. Serangga dikatakan sebagai makhluk perosak apabila mendatangkan kemudaratan, kemusnahan kepada manusia samada di kediaman, pejabat ataupun di kawasan lain seperti kawasan pertanian, perindustrian, perikanan, perhotelan dan sebagainya.


Di kawasan pertanian misalnya, terdapat banyak serangga perosak yang memusnahkan tanaman dan memberi kemusnahan yang besar kepada petani dan pengusaha ladang. Serangga perosak kebiasaannya dilihat dalam bentuk dewasa samada mempunyai kepak atau sebagainya. 


Bagaimana pula dengan ulat-ulat yang biasa kita temui di dalam buah-buahan yang biasa kita makan atau di bahagian-bahagian tertentu pada sayuran seperti daun, batang atau bunga.Ulat-ulat ini merupakan larva kepada serangga atau bahasa mudah anak serangga berkenaan. Sesetengah larva serangga seperti larva rama-rama, lalat buah, kumbang dan lain-lain menjadikan bahagian-bahagian pokok atau tanaman sebagai sumber makanan mereka.


Disini aku kongsikan kitaran hidup beberapa jenis serangga.

Anai-anai



Lalat buah

Pijat

Tetapi ada juga serangga yang memberi manafat kepada pertanian seperti ladybird dan beberapa jenis lain digelar predator dan dilepaskan dimana-mana kawasan tanaman sebagai biological control atau musuh semulajadi. Serangga ini juga boleh wujud dalam keadaan semulajadi dan banyak membantu petani-petani kecil mengawal kewujudan serangga perosak. Serangga seperti ini akan memakan parasit, larva atau serangga kecil yang menjadi perosak kepada tanaman. Namun jika ia membiak dengan pantas, ia juga boleh menganggu ekosistem kita.

Oleh sebab itu, kegunaan racun serangga untuk mengawal serangga perosak digunakan secara meluas di Malaysia dan negara-negara pertanian lain. Racun serangga yang digunakan pada sukatan yang betul serta dengan kaedah yang selamat mampu mengawal gangguan serangga perosak serta meningkatkan lagi hasil pertanian.

Di sini aku kongsikan beberepa jenis racun makhluk perosak yang sesuai digunakan untuk mengawal serangga perosak pada tanaman-tanaman tertentu.


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NO	ACTIVE INGREDIENT	MODE OF ACTION	CROP / AREA	PEST
1	Abamectin	Insecticide, acaricide and nematicide with contact and stomach action	Mustard Cabbage Chrysanthemum	Leafminner Diamondback moth Webworm
2	Acephate	Systemic insecticide	Oil palm Coconut	Caterpillar Bagworm Leaf hopper
3	Acetamiprid	Systemic insecticide with transmilar activity and with contact and stomach action	Chili	White fly
4	Bacillus thrigiensis subs. krustaki	Stomach poison.	Cabbage Oil palm	Diamondback moth Bagworm
5	Bifenthrin	Contact and stomach action	Mites	Rose
6	Buprofezin	Persistent insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action; not translocated in the plant.	Paddy	Plant hopper
7	Carbaryl	Insecticide with contact and stomach action and slight systemic properties	Paddy	Stem borer Leaf hopper Leaf folder Leaf worm Aphids
8	Carbofuran	Systemic, with predominantly contact and stomach action	Sugar cane Paddy Oil palm Banana	Stem borer Nematode Leaf folder Rhinoceros beetle Caterpillar Root weevil
9	Cartap hydrochloride	Systemic insecticide with stomach and contact action.	Cabbage Mustard Paddy	Webworm Cutworm Aphids Plant hopper Leaf folder
10	Chlorfenapyr	Insecticide and acaricide with mainly stomach and some contact action.	Cabbage	Plutella worm
11	Chlorfluazuron	Insect growth regulator which act as an anti-moulting agent, leading to death of the larvae and pupae. Acts through ingestion.	Okra	Fruit and shoot borer
12	Chlorpyrifos	Non-systemic insecticide with contact, stomach and respiratory action	Rubber tree Legume cover crop	Termites Grass hopper
13	Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin	Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action.	Cocoa Tobacco Cabbage Mustard Tomato Chili	Mirid bug Pod borer Bollworm Cutworm Webworm Thrips
14	Cyfluthrin	Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Act to nervous system.	Oil palm Cocoa	Bagworm Caterpillar Pod borer
15	β-cyfluthrin	Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Act to nervous system.	Long beans	Pod borer
16	Lambda cyhalothrin	Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action, and repellent properties.	Oil palm Cocoa	Bagworm Fruit borer
17	Cypermethrin	Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action.	Okra Cabbage Egg plant Tomato Long beans Cocoa Oil palm	Fruit borer Aphids Pod borer Bollworm Bean pod borer Rhinoceros beetle
18	α-cypermethrin	Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action.	Oil palm Cocoa	Bag worm Caterpillar Pod borer
19	Cyromazine	Insect growth regulator with contact action, interferes with moulting and pupation. When used on plants is taken up by root and translocated acropetally.	French bean Chrysanthemum	Leafminer
20	Deltamethrin	Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Fast acting.	Chili Tomato Egg plant Long beans Cabbage Mustard Chrysanthemum Lime Black pepper	Aphids Cutworm Fruit borer Pod borer Leafminer Thrips
21	Diafenthiuron	Insecticide and acaricide which kill larvae, nymphs and adults by contact and/or stomach action; also shows some ovicidal action.	Jasmine	White fly
22	Diazinon	Non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact, stomach and respiratory action.	Paddy Long bean	Stem borer Thrips Leaf hopper Bean fly Aphids Leafminer
23	Dimethoate	Systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action.	Long bean Lime Mango Chili Rose Orchid	Bean fly Fruit fly Mites Thrips Aphids
23	Emamectin benzoate	Non-systemic insecticide which penetrates leaf tissues by translaminar movement.	Cabbage	Diamondback moth
25	Etofenprox	Insecticide with contact and stomach action.	Paddy	Brown hopper
26	Fenobucarb	Non-systemic insecticide with contact action.	Paddy	Plant hopper
27	Fenthion	Insecticide with contact, stomach and respiratory action	Star fruit Lime Mango Guava Cucumber Paddy	Fruit fly Aphids Rice bug
28	Fenvelarate	Non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action.	Lime Cabbage Chinese cabbage Cucumber Tomato Egg plant Cocoa	Leafminer Diamondback moth Cutworm Aphids Fruit fly Pickleworm Pod borer
29	Fipronil	Broad spectrum insecticide, toxic by contact & ingestion. Limited xylem systemicity in some monocotyledonous crops.	Oil palm	Termites
30	Imidacloprid	Systemic insecticide with translaminar activity and with stomach and contact action.	Chili Egg plant Mango Paddy	Aphids Thrips White fly Leaf hopper Plant hopper
31	Lufenuron	Acts mostly by ingestion; larvae are unable to moult and also cease feeding. Also acts tranovarially, reducing fecundity and egg hatch.	Long bean	Bollworm
32	Malathion	Non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact, stomach and respiratory action.	Cabbage Chili Tomato Pineapple	Aphids Thrips Mites
33	Methiocarb	Molluscicide with neurotoxic action. Non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Also acts as bird repellent.	Paddy Long bean Cucumber Chrysanthemum	Bird pest Thrips
34	Methamidophos	Systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Absorbed by the roots and leaves.	Oil palm Black pepper	Bag worm Caterpillar Rhinoceros beetle
35	Monocrotophos	Systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Penetrates plant tissue rapidly.	Oil palm Coconut	Caterpillar Bagworm Nettle caterpillar Coconut leaf moth
36	Permethrin	Non- systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action, having a slight repellent effect.	Okra Cabbage Egg plant	Fruit borer Diamondback moth
37	Phenthoate	Non- systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action.	Paddy	Stem borer
38	Profenofos	Non- systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Exhibits a translaminar effect. Has ovicidal properties.	Chrysanthemum Rose	Leafminer Thrips Mites
39	Propoxur	Non- systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Give rapid knockdown, and has long residual activity.	Cocoa Farm animals	Fruit borer Fly Ants Cockroach
40	Thiamethoxam	Insecticide with contact, stomach and systematic activity. Rapidly taken up to the plant and transported acropetally in the xylem.	Long bean	Green hopper
41	Triazophos	Broad spectrum insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Non systemic but penetrates deeply into plant tissue.	Lime	Aphids
42	Trichlorfon	Non- systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action.	Water melon French beans Lime Chrysanthemum	Fruit fly Leafminer Bean fly